Suicide risk assessment: examining transitions in suicidal behaviors among pregnant women in Perú

Archives of Women's Mental Health - The goals of this research were to characterize suicidal behavior among a cohort of pregnant Peruvian women and identify risk factors for transitions between...     

CDC42 promotes vascular calcification in chronic kidney disease

Vascular calcification is prevalent in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and a major risk factor of cardiovascular disease. Vascular calcification is now recognised as a biological process similar to bone formation involving osteogenic differentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Cell division cycle 42 (CDC42), a Rac1 family member GTPase, is essential for cartilage development during endochondral bone formation. However, whether CDC42 affects osteogenic differentiation of VSMCs and vascular calcification remains unknown. In the present study, we observed a significant increase in the expression of CDC42 both in rat VSMCs and in calcified arteries during vascular calcification. Alizarin red staining and calcium content assay revealed that adenovirus-mediated CDC42 overexpression led to an apparent VSMC calcification in the presence of calcifying medium, accompanied with up-regulation of bone-related molecules including RUNX2 and BMP2. By contrast, inhibition of CDC42 by ML141 significantly blocked calcification of VSMCs in vitro and aortic rings ex vivo. Moreover, ML141 markedly attenuated vascular calcification in rats with CKD. Furthermore, pharmacological inhibition of AKT signal was shown to block CDC42-induced VSMC calcification. These findings demonstrate for the first time that CDC42 contributes to vascular calcification through a mechanism involving AKT signalling; this uncovered a new function of CDC42 in regulating vascular calcification. This may provide a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of vascular calcification in the context of CKD. © 2019 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Dietary inflammatory index and incidence of and death from primary liver cancer: A prospective study of 103,902 American adults

Chronic inflammation plays an important role in primary liver cancer (PLC) etiology and can be influenced by dietary habits. No prospective study has investigated the association of dietary inflammatory index (DII) with PLC incidence and mortality. Therefore, we used prospective data from the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial to fill this gap. The DII was calculated from a validated 137-item food frequency questionnaire in a cohort of 103,902 individuals. Cox regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) for PLC incidence, and competing risk regression was used to estimate subdistribution HRs (SHRs) for PLC mortality. Restricted cubic spline regression was employed to identify the potential dose–response pattern. A total of 120 PLC cases and 102 PLC deaths were observed during follow-up. Higher DII scores from food and supplement were found to be associated with higher risks of developing PLC (HR_{Tertile 3 vs. 1} 2.05; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.23–3.41) and death from this disease (SHR_{Tertile 3 vs. 1} 1.97; 95% CI 1.13–3.41). Similar results were obtained for DII score from food only. A nonlinear dose–response pattern was identified for the aforementioned associations (all p_nonlinearity < 0.05). Overall, a more pro-inflammatory diet, as suggested by higher DII scores, is associated with higher risks of PLC incidence and mortality. These findings indicate that encouraging intake of more anti-inflammatory dietary components and reducing intake of pro-inflammatory components represent an attractive strategy to reduce PLC incidence and mortality.     

机场应急救护“三无”演练的探索与运用

应急救护演练是提升机场应急救护能力的重要方法。但机场医疗应急救护演练如无不能体现突然性和不确定性,就起不到应有作用。本文从分析机场突发紧急事件、机场应急救护演练的特点入手,提出机场应急救护演练中需重点加强的方面,同时借鉴某机场应急救护演练的成功经验,认为“三无”演练是一种值得探索与运用的演练方式。     

Pemphigus-like eruption as a complication of molluscum contagiosum treatment with imiquimod in a 5-year-old girl

Pemphigus and pemphigus-like reactions can be triggered by a variety of medications including topical therapies, such as imiquimod. While the association between imiquimod and pemphigus-like reactions has been reported in adults, this is the first report of a generalized reaction beyond the site of imiquimod application in a child. The mechanism by which this occurs may be through a unique pathway, separate from the classic antibody-mediated pathway. Our patient had a full recovery without recurrence after cessation of the inciting drug.     

术前白蛋白碱性磷酸酶比值对根治性膀胱切除术后总体生存期的影响

目的探讨术前白蛋白碱性磷酸酶比值(AAPR)与根治性膀胱切除术后患者总体生存期(OS)的关系。方法回顾性分析2007年1月至2015年12月青岛大学附属医院收治的166例膀胱癌患者的临床病理资料。男148例,女18例。年龄(65.1±9.4)岁。伴高血压病31例、糖尿病14例。体质指数(BMI)(24.00±3.32)kg/m^2。肿瘤单发92例,多发74例。肿瘤直径<3 cm者43例,≥3 cm者123例。合并肾积水33例,无肾积水133例。术前AAPR(0.62±0.23)。根据AAPR的三分位点将患者分为低AAPR组55例,AAPR(0.42±0.09);中AAPR组55例,AAPR(0.58±0.05);高AAPR组56例,AAPR(0.86±0.21)。美国麻醉医师协会(ASA)分级1级4例,2级65例,3级86例,4级11例。根治术前患者均行经尿道膀胱肿瘤切除术,病理诊断均为膀胱癌,高级别144例,低级别22例。166例均行根治性膀胱切除术,其中腹腔镜手术140例,开放手术26例。术中行输尿管皮肤造口55例,回肠代膀胱96例,回肠原位新膀胱15例。将AAPR连续性变量和AAPR分组作为原始模型,调整年龄、肿瘤大小、pT分期、pN分期、肾积水、ASA分级、辅助化疗的数据作为校准模型1,在校准模型1基础上增加BMI、肿瘤数目、病理等级的数据作为校准模型2。采用趋势性检验检测不同AAPR组间危险比(HR)变化趋势。分析不同因素分层的AAPR与OS的关系。采用Kaplan-Meier法绘制生存曲线。采用基于广义相加模型的曲线拟合表示AAPR与OS的关系。结果本组166例中位随访63个月,生存95例,死亡71例。3年生存率为61%,5年生存率为50%。术后病理分期:T1期27例,T2期82例,T3期48例,T4期9例;N0期145例,N1期14例,N2期6例,N3期1例。术后52例行辅助化疗。单因素Cox回归分析结果显示,AAPR(HR=0.09,95%CI 0.022~0.391,P=0.001)、高AAPR组(HR=0.40,95%CI 0.216~0.742,P=0.003)、年龄(HR=2.42,95%CI 1.294~4.531,P=0.006)、肿瘤大小(HR=2.11,95%CI 1.112~4.014,P=0.023)、肿瘤数目(HR=0.62,95%CI 0.378~1.022,P=0.061)、pT3期(HR=8.93,95%CI 3.173~25.114,P<0.001)、pT4期(HR=10.39,95%CI 3.110~34.707,P<0.001)、N1期(HR=2.80,95%CI 1.422~5.531,P=0.003)、N3期(HR=17.06,95%CI 2.192~132.863,P=0.007)、病理分级(HR=0.30,95%CI 0.113~0.817,P=0.019)、肾积水(HR=2.36,95%CI 1.406~3.939,P=0.001)、术后辅助化疗(HR=2.66,95%CI 1.674~4.247,P<0.001)均与术后OS相关。调整年龄、肿瘤大小、pT分期、pN分期、肾积水、ASA分级、辅助化疗、BMI、肿瘤数目、病理分级后,Cox回归分析结果显示,与低AAPR组相比,高AAPR组的死亡风险降低约59%(HR=0.406,95%CI 0.200~0.822,P=0.012),AAPR每升高1个单位,死亡风险下降约80%(HR=0.199,95%CI 0.051~0.779,P=0.020)。趋势性检验结果显示,原始模型和校准模型中,AAPR不同分组间OS的HR下降趋势均有统计学意义(P=0.016),提示两者呈线性关系。调整年龄、肿瘤大小、pT分期、pN分期、肾积水、ASA分级、辅助化疗、BMI、肿瘤数目、病理分级后,曲线拟合图显示,AAPR与OS呈线性相关,随AAPR升高,术后死亡风险下降,OS延长。结论AAPR与膀胱肿瘤患者根治性膀胱切除术后的OS成线性相关,随AAPR升高,患者术后死亡风险下降,OS延长。     

基于网络药理学探讨黄连阿胶汤治疗失眠症的作用机制

目的采用网络药理学方法寻找黄连阿胶汤的有效成分、治疗靶标。方法根据药代动力学参数筛选药物成分,通过网络药理学方法挖掘药物和疾病靶标并构建药物-靶点网络,研究黄连阿胶汤成分的作用机制。结果发现黄连阿胶汤中的氢化小檗碱、β-谷甾醇、山姜素、山柰酚、小檗浸碱、荠苎黄酮等19个成分可能通过调控5-羟色胺、多巴胺、γ氨基丁酸、阿片受体、乙酰胆碱等25个靶点作用于失眠症治疗。结论黄连阿胶汤可能主要通过多个靶点调控多种神经递质发挥对失眠症的治疗作用。     

Erdheim-Chester disease with asymmetric talus involvement: A case report

BACKGROUND Erdheim-Chester disease(ECD) is a rare multi-system or multi-organ histiocytic proliferative disease with diverse clinical manifestations, and the development of the disease is complex, which makes clinical diagnosis and treatment difficult.The characteristic clinical manifestations include multi-organ involvement,especially in the symmetrical diaphysis and metaphysis of the bilateral extremities. ECD with a unilateral talus lesion is extremely rare. Here, we report an unusual case of ECD invading the asymmetric talus and tibia without involving other organs. The patient had good outcome after surgery.CASE SUMMARY We report a case of a 67-year-old man who was referred to our outpatient department because of left ankle chronic pain for 5 years, which exacerbated after a foot sprain 6 mo previously. We discovered multiple sclerotic lesions of the tibia and talus on his previous X-ray films, which were initially missed in a local hospital. Therefore, enhanced computer computed tomography(CT) and magnetic resonance imaging were performed. These examinations showed multiple lesions in the bone marrow cavity of the left tibia, and cortical sclerosis and osteonecrosis of the left talus. Specimens were collected via bone puncture from the two lesions, and a final diagnosis of ECD was confirmed by pathological and immunohistochemical examinations. In addition, other auxiliary examinations including head CT, pulmonary CT, spinal CT, abdominal CT,cardiac ultrasound and thyroid ultrasound showed no obvious abnormalities.The patient underwent surgery for the tibia lesion scraping and talus lesion scraping combined with cement casting. The patient started on a progressive rehabilitation at 4 wk, and felt no pain after surgery. During a 2-year follow-up period, the patient exercised normally without pain, and there were no signs of recurrence.CONCLUSION This study shows that surgery treatment may also achieve good results for ECD patients with only bone involvement.